Benefiting colleagues but not the city: Localized effects from the relocation of superstar inventors     

Paolo Zacchia 《Research Policy》2018,47(5):992-1005

In this paper I examine episodes in which superstar inventors relocate to a new city. In particular, in order to assess whether the beneficial effects of physical proximity to a superstar have a restricted network dimension or a wider spatial breadth (spillovers), I estimate changes in patterns of patenting activity following these events for two different groups of inventors: the superstar's close collaborators, and all the other inventors in a given urban area, for both the locality where the superstar moves to and for the one that is left behind. In the case of collaborators, I restrict the attention to patents realized independently from the superstar. The results from the event study register a large and persistent positive effect on the collaborators in the city of destination, as well as a simultaneous negative trend affecting those still residing in the previous location. In the long run, these effects translate into an increased difference between the two groups of about 0.16 patents per inventor. Conversely, no city-wide spillover effect can be attested, offering little support to place-based policies aimed at inducing a positive influx of top innovators in urban areas.  相似文献   

杰出科学家论文影响力的社会年龄分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘俊婉 《情报学报》2010,29(1)

采用科学计量学的方法分别对分子生物学与遗传学、数学和计算机科学领域杰出科学家论文影响力的年龄分布进行了研究,结果表明,杰出科学家论文影响力的年龄分布是一种单峰分布,与杰出科学家论文生产力的年龄分布比较一致.中年时期是杰出科学家论文影响力和产出力的双高期.进一步对三个领域杰出科学家最具影响力的5篇论文的年龄分布进行分析,结果发现杰出科学家最具影响力的5篇论文的年龄分布高峰期比杰出科学家发表所有论文的高峰期早.在研究结果的基础上进行了若干思考.  相似文献   

科学家可否从事军事科学研究？     

李醒民 《科学文化评论》2011,8(4):80-98

科学家可否从事军事科学研究？本文在陈述两种对立观点的理由以及科学家面临两难选择的基础上,认为唯一可行的方案也许是：科学家按照自己的良心行事,根据具体情况决定自己何去何从。最后讨论了从事军事科学研究的科学家应该承担的道德义务。  相似文献   

Amateurism and autodidactism: a modest proposal?     

Richard Edwards 《Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education》2015,36(6):868-880

Around the globe a great emphasis has been placed upon improving public service delivery by reforming and enhancing professionalism. The impact and significance of the associated changes have been much debated with a focus on issues of de- and re-professionalisation, and demarcations of expertise and work. Professionals and professionalism remain the central focus while service users and non-professionals still tend to be positioned as ‘other’: their roles tending to be taken into account, but as additional rather than essential to service provision. By contrast, this article sets out a modest proposal to consider the relational configurations of actors involved in public services drawing upon certain dynamics of amateurism. This article suggests that the dynamics of doing something ‘for the love of it’, supported by the ‘passion to learn’ of autodidactism, provide the basis for rethinking some of the assumptions made and issues faced when addressing the challenges of the public services. Drawing upon historical and contemporary illustrations of the contributions of amateurism to professional practice, this article argues for the need to explore possibilities beyond existing binary of professional–amateur.  相似文献   

Are you in h?     

Marek Kosmulski 《Journal of Informetrics》2013,7(3):693-698

A new method of assessment of scientific papers, scientists, and scientific institutions was defined. The significance of a paper was assessed by the definition of the largest (the most prestigious) set, including that paper in its h-core. The sets of papers were defined by affiliation (country, city, university, department) or by subject (branches and sub-branches of science, journal). The inclusion of a paper in the h-core of certain set(s) was used as an indicator of the significance of that paper, and of the scientific output of its author(s), of their scientific institution(s), etc. An analogous procedure was used to assess the contribution of an individual to the scientific output of his/her scientific institution, branch of science, etc.  相似文献   

The Health Sciences Library Network in Russia     

Jean-Philippe Accart 《International Information and Library Review》2013,45(4):269-273

Abstract

The recent, important events in the ex-Soviet Union have not only been political. The world of libraries has begun to be opened up and the changes have even reached the most famous institutions, such as, for example, the State Central Scientific Medical Library in Moscow, which is at the head of a network of scientific and research libraries, and has created the first Russian scientific database. This article was written after the congress of the IFLA (International Federation of Librarian Associations) in August 1991.  相似文献   

基于社会网络及履历分析的国际科技人才合作模式研究——以信息系统领域为例     

徐孝娟  ;朱庆华  ;彭希羡  ;潘云涛 《现代情报》2014,34(9):16-23

本文选取Web of Science作为文献信息源,分析国际计算机信息系统领域研究人才的合作情况和合作团体的发展及人才流动。基于社会网络分析法获取的核心作者及其团队数据,结合履历信息在深入探测科技人才的研究兴趣、国家演变、机构性质、所获教授时间及所属大学变化等一系列个体特征的同时,也深入分析了团队形成机制及演变过程。结果表明国内的研究领域和国外有所差异,国内优秀人才流失严重,同时科技人才以团队科研为主,团队内部联系较为紧密,团队之间的联系相对松散。且群体的内部形成机制主要以群体机构和兴趣聚合到一起。  相似文献   

Drawing a computer scientist: stereotypical representations or lack of awareness?     

Katarina Pantic  Jody Clarke-Midura  Frederick Poole  Jared Roller  Vicki Allan 《Computer Science Education》2013,23(3):232-254

ABSTRACT

Stereotypes people hold about computer scientists contribute to underrepresentation in computer science. Perceptions of computer scientists have historically been linked to males and a “nerd” culture, which can lead to lack of interest, particularly for girls. This article presents two studies conducted with two groups of middle schoolers: those who attended our programming camp (Study One) and those who did not (Study Two). After analyzing participants’ drawings and two survey questions we found that perceptions youth holds about computer scientists may be improving. Additionally, we found that males (versus females) and those youth who did not attend our camp (versus those who did) tended to have more stereotypical perceptions of computer scientists. With this article, we contribute to the literature on CS stereotypes by examining both positive and negative representations youth had about computer scientists. We also cast light on the lack of awareness about this profession among the youth of this age.  相似文献   

科学家与公众对核能技术接受度的比较分析——以日本福岛核泄露事故为例     

郭跃  汝鹏  苏竣 《科学学与科学技术管理》2012,33(2):153-158

核能技术的应用历来在各国存在广泛争议。2011年3月的福岛核泄漏事故再度引发国际社会对核能技术安全性与可推广性的关注,并争论不休。在福岛核泄漏事故中,科学家与公众对核能技术的接受度表现出明显的差异。分析了福岛核泄漏事故中科学家与公众对核能技术的接受度,从决定因素的角度探讨了造成科学家与公众对核能技术的接受度差异的原因,并对我国未来的核能发展战略提出政策建议。  相似文献   

Engineering Organization and the Scientist in World War I: The Search for National Service and Recognition     

《普罗米修斯》2012,30(3):257-268

Abstract

When the United States entered World War I in 1917, there was no elaborate framework for providing scientific advice to the government. Engineers and scientists struggled to find an appropriate mechanism, but the former found themselves subordinated to a scientific community which sought to dominate emerging structures. At stake was not merely the credit for helping win the war, but also an advantage in the coming postwar definition and expansion of industrial research. Scientific leaders sought advantage by making a distinction between ‘engineering research’ and engineering practice, and claiming jurisdiction over the former.  相似文献